First occurrence of Sivatherium Falconer and Cautley, 1836 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Giraffidae) in the Iberian Peninsula

The sivatherine clade includes some of the largest giraffids and emerged during late Miocene. Sivatherium hendeyi, earliest known species genus, was first described from lower Pliocene Langebaanweg (5.15 ± 0.1 Ma, Cape Province, South Africa). Here we describe possible occurrence western Europe (MN14) Puerto de la Cadena (4.9 Murcia, Spain). new material consists dental postcranial remains. Sivatherium, together with presence Macaca sp. Debruijnimys sp., indicates a connection between African European faunas early relationship stem Iberian sivatherines Decennatherium Birgerbohlinia.